William Harris Lloyd Roberts (31 October 1884– 28 June 1966) was a Canadian writer, poet, and playwright. He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, the son of noted Canadian poet Charles George Douglas Roberts and Mary Isabel Fenety. After an education by private tutors, he attended King’s Collegiate School then, in 1905, Fredericton High School. In 1903 he performed clerical work at McClure’s magazine. From 1904 until 1907 he was an assistant editor at the Outing magazine, based in New York City. He wrote short stories and poetry for various magazines, plus performing part-time newspaper work starting in 1911. On January 1, 1914, he was married to Helen Hope Farquhar Bolmain. The couple had a daughter, Patricia Bliss, before Helen died. In 1912, he became editor of immigration literature for the Canadian Department of Interior in Ottawa. Two years later, he served as a correspondent for the Timer and Grazing branch of the Interior Department in Ottawa. On August 15, 1914, he married his second wife, Lila White; the couple divorced shortly thereafter. After 1920 he retired from work in order to devote all of his time to writing fiction, drama, poetry, and special articles. From 1925 until 1939 he was a correspondent for the Christian Science Monitor, then he performed public relations for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police up to 1945. His third marriage in 1943 was to Julia Bristow, and they would have two daughters. Bibliography * England Over Seas (1914) * Come Quietly, Britain (1915) * Mother Doneby (1916) * The Book of Roberts (1923) * Along the Ottawa (1927) * I Sing of Life (1937) References Wikipedia—https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harris_Lloyd_Roberts

Francisco López Merino –Panchito– (La Plata, 6 de junio de 1904-ibídem, 22 de mayo de 1928), fue un poeta argentino. A los dieciséis años publicó Horas de amor con nueve poemas en forma de folleto que luego fuera autocensurado. En 1921 escribió Fragmentos de un libro inconcluso, colección inédita de poemas dividida en tres secciones: "El espejo de mi interior", "Del eterno femenino" y "Cantos". El poema "El alma se me llena de estrellas..." de esta colección fue incluido en 1923 en el libro Tono Menor. En 1925 publicó su último libro, Las tardes. Publicó sus poesías en diarios y revistas del país, entre otros, en el diario El Cronista de la ciudad de Chascomús, y en La Plata en los periódicos El Día y El Argentino y la revista Crónica Social. Los diarios más significativos del país (La Nación, La Prensa, La Razón, Crítica, El Día y El Argentino) elogiaron los méritos literarios del joven escritor. Formó parte del «Comité Yrigoyenista de Intelectuales Jóvenes» junto a (entre otros) Leopoldo Marechal, Raúl González Tuñón, Nicolás Olivari, Sixto Pondal Ríos y Jorge Luis Borges, quien era su presidente. Escribió dos notas bibliográficas para la revista Valoraciones, editada por la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP): la primera en 1923, que se refiere al libro de poesías de Cayetano Córdova Iturburu (1899-1977) El árbol, el pájaro y la fuente, y la segunda en 1927, que se ocupa del libro de poesías de Ricardo Molinari (1898-1996) El Imaginero. El 22 de mayo de 1928 el escritor, que en ese momento tenía 23 años, decidió poner fin a su vida suicidándose con un arma de fuego sin saberse las causas exactas de su muerte. Jorge Luis Borges, quien formaba parte del grupo de escritores con quienes se relacionaba, escribió una elegía para el autor: A Francisco López Merino, publicada cinco meses después de su fallecimiento.​ En 1969 Borges publicó el texto Mayo 20, 1928, incluido en el poemario Elogio de la sombra, en el que se refiere a la víspera del fatal desenlace. La Biblioteca Pública Municipal "Francisco López Merino" de La Plata funciona en el llamado «Palacio López Merino», un antiguo edificio de características románticas con influencias del modernismo, inaugurado en 1911, declarado patrimonio histórico de La Plata en 1985. En este edificio vivió su infancia el autor. Obras publicadas * Tono Menor (Poesía), publicación del autor, La Plata, 1923. * Las Tardes (Poesía), Editorial Latina, Buenos Aires, 1925. * Obras Completas, La Plata, Secretaría de Cultura de la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1931. Referencias Wikipedia – https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_López_Merino

Sir Andrew Motion FRSL (born 26 October 1952) is an English poet, novelist, and biographer, who was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1999 to 2009. During the period of his laureateship, Motion founded the Poetry Archive, an online resource of poems and audio recordings of poets reading their own work. In 2012, he became President of the Campaign to Protect Rural England, taking over from Bill Bryson. Early life Motion was born on 26 October 1952 in London; his mother was Catherine Gillian Bakewell (known as Gillian) and his father Andrew Richard Michael Motion (known as Richard). The family moved to Stisted, near Braintree in Essex, when Motion was 12 years old. Motion went to boarding school from the age of seven joined by his younger brother. Most of the boy’s friends were from the school and when Motion was in the village he spent a lot of time on his own. He began to have an interest and affection for the countryside and he went for walks with a pet dog. Later he went to Radley College, where, in the sixth form, he encountered Peter Way, an inspiring English teacher who introduced him to poetry– first Hardy, then Philip Larkin, W. H. Auden, Heaney, Hughes, Wordsworth and Keats. When Motion was 17 years old, his mother had a horse riding accident and suffered a serious head injury requiring a life-saving neurosurgery operation. She regained some speech, but she was severely paralysed and remained in and out of coma for nine years. She died in 1978 and her husband died of cancer in 2006. Motion has said that he wrote to keep his memory of his mother alive and that she was a muse of his work. When Motion was about 18 years old he moved away from the village to study English at University College, Oxford; however, since then he has remained in contact with the village to visit the church graveyard, where his parents are buried, and also to see his brother, who lives nearby. At University he studied at weekly sessions with W. H. Auden, whom he greatly admired. Motion won the university’s Newdigate Prize and graduated with a first class honours degree. Career Between 1976 and 1980, Motion taught English at the University of Hull and while there, at age 24, he had his first volume of poetry published. At Hull he met university librarian and poet Philip Larkin. Motion was later appointed as one of Larkin’s literary executors which would privilege Motion’s role as his biographer following Larkin’s death in 1985. In Philip Larkin: A Writer’s Life, Motion says that at no time during their nine-year friendship did they discuss writing his biography and it was Larkin’s longtime companion Monica Jones who requested it. He reports how, as executor, he rescued many of Larkin’s papers from imminent destruction following his friend’s death. His 1993 biography of Larkin, which won the Whitbread Prize for Biography, was responsible for bringing about a substantial revision of Larkin’s reputation. Motion was Editorial Director and Poetry Editor at Chatto & Windus (1983–89), he edited the Poetry Society’s Poetry Review from 1980–1982 and succeeded Malcolm Bradbury as Professor of Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia. He is now on the faculty at the Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars. Laureateship Motion was appointed Poet Laureate on 1 May 1999, following the death of Ted Hughes, the previous incumbent. The Nobel Prize-winning Northern Irish poet and translator Seamus Heaney had ruled himself out for the post. Breaking with the tradition of the laureate retaining the post for life, Motion stipulated that he would stay for only ten years. The yearly stipend of £200 was increased to £5,000 and he received the customary butt of sack. He wanted to write “poems about things in the news, and commissions from people or organisations involved with ordinary life,” rather than be seen a 'courtier’. So, he wrote "for the TUC about liberty, about homelessness for the Salvation Army, about bullying for ChildLine, about the foot and mouth outbreak for the Today programme, about the Paddington rail disaster, the 11 September attacks and Harry Patch for the BBC, and more recently about shell shock for the charity Combat Stress, and climate change for the song cycle he finished for Cambridge University with Peter Maxwell Davies.” On 14 March 2002, as part of the 'Re-weaving Rainbows’ event of National Science Week 2002, Motion unveiled a blue plaque on the front wall of 28 St Thomas Street, Southwark, to commemorate the sharing of lodgings there by John Keats and Henry Stephens while they were medical students at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital in 1815–16. In 2003, Motion wrote Regime change, a poem in protest at Invasion of Iraq from the point of view of Death walking the streets during the conflict, and in 2005, Spring Wedding in honour of the wedding of the Prince of Wales to Camilla Parker Bowles. Commissioned to write in the honour of 109-year-old Harry Patch, the last surviving “Tommy” to have fought in World War I, Motion composed a five-part poem, read and received by Patch at the Bishop’s Palace in Wells in 2008. As laureate, he also founded the Poetry Archive, an on-line library of historic and contemporary recordings of poets reciting their own work. Motion remarked that he found some of the duties attendant to the post of poet laureate difficult and onerous and that the appointment had been "very, very damaging to [his] work". The appointment of Motion met with criticism from some quarters. As he prepared to stand down from the job, Motion published an article in The Guardian that concluded, "To have had 10 years working as laureate has been remarkable. Sometimes it’s been remarkably difficult, the laureate has to take a lot of flak, one way or another. More often it has been remarkably fulfilling. I’m glad I did it, and I’m glad I’m giving it up– especially since I mean to continue working for poetry." Motion spent his last day as Poet Laureate holding a creative writing class at his alma mater, Radley College, before giving a poetry reading and thanking Peter Way, the man who taught him English at Radley, for making him who he was. Carol Ann Duffy succeeded him as Poet Laureate on 1 May 2009. Post-laureateship Motion is Chairman of the Arts Council of England’s Literature Panel (appointed 1996) and is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2003, he became Professor of Creative Writing at Royal Holloway, University of London. Since July 2009, Motion has been Chairman of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA) appointed by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. He is also a Vice-President of the Friends of the British Library, a charity which provides funding support to the British Library. He was knighted in the 2009 Queen’s Birthday Honours list. He has been a member of English Heritage’s Blue Plaques Panel since 2008. Motion was selected as jury chair for the Man Booker Prize 2010 and in March 2010, he announced that he was working with publishers Jonathan Cape on a sequel to Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island. Entitled Silver, the story is set a generation on from the original book and was published in March 2012. In July 2010, Motion returned to Kingston-upon-Hull for the annual Humber Mouth literature festival and taking part in the Larkin 25 festival commemorating the 25th anniversary of Philip Larkin’s death. In his capacity as Larkin’s biographer and as a former lecturer in English at the University of Hull, Motion named an East Yorkshire Motor Services bus Philip Larkin. Motion’s debut play Incoming, about the war in Afghanistan, premièred at the High Tides Festival in Halesworth, Suffolk in May 2011. Motion also featured in Jamie’s Dream School in 2011 as the poetry teacher. In June 2012, he became the President of the Campaign to Protect Rural England. In March 2014 he was elected an Honorary Fellow at Homerton College, Cambridge. Motion won the 2015 Ted Hughes Award for new work in poetry for the radio programme Coming Home. The production featured poetry by Motion based on recordings he made of British soldiers returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Work Motion has said of himself: “My wish to write a poem is inseparable from my wish to explain something to myself.” His work combines lyrical and narrative aspects in a “postmodern-romantic sensibility”. Motion says that he aims to write in clear language without tricks. The Independent describes the stalwart poet as the “charming and tireless defender of the art form”. Motion has won the Arvon Prize, the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, Eric Gregory Award, Whitbread Prize for Biography and the Dylan Thomas Prize. Motion took part in the Bush Theatre’s 2011 project Sixty-Six Books, writing and performing a piece based upon a book of the King James Bible. Personal life Motion’s marriage to Joanna Powell ended in 1983. He was married to Jan Dalley from 1985 to 2009, divorcing after a seven-year separation. They had one son born in 1986 and twins, a son and a daughter, born in 1988. In 2009 he married Kyeong-Soo Kim. They live in Baltimore, Maryland. Selected honours and awards 1975: won the Newdigate prize for Oxford undergraduate poetry 1976: Eric Gregory Award 1981: wins Arvon Foundation’s International Poetry Competition with The Letter 1984: John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for Dangerous Play: Poems 1974–1984 1986: Somerset Maugham Award for The Lamberts 1987: Dylan Thomas Prize for Natural Causes 1999: appointed Poet Laureate for ten years 1994: Philip Larkin: A Writer’s Life, Whitbread Prize for Biography 2009: Knighthood 2014: Wilfred Owen Poetry Award Selected works Poetry collections * 1972: Goodnestone: a sequence. Workshop Press * 1976: Inland. Cygnet Press * 1977: The Pleasure Steamers. Carcanet * 1981: Independence. Salamander Press * 1983: Secret Narratives. Salamander Press * 1984: Dangerous Play: Poems 1974–1984. Salamander Press / Penguin * 1987: Natural Causes. Chatto & Windus * 1988: Two Poems. Words Ltd * 1991: Love in a Life. Faber and Faber * 1994: The Price of Everything. Faber and Faber * 1997: Salt Water Faber and Faber * 1998: Selected Poems 1976–1997. Faber and Faber * 2001: A Long Story. The Old School Press * 2002: Public Property. Faber and Faber * 2009: The Cinder Path. Faber and Faber * 2012: The Customs House. Faber and Faber * 2015: Peace Talks. Faber and Faber * 2015: Coming Home. Published by Andrew J Moorhouse at Fine Press Poetry http://www.finepresspoetry.com Criticism * 1980: The Poetry of Edward Thomas. Routledge & Kegan Paul * 1982: Philip Larkin. (Contemporary Writers series) Methuen * 1986: Elizabeth Bishop. (Chatterton Lectures on an English Poet) * 1998: Sarah Raphael: Strip!. Marlborough Fine Art (London) * 2008: Ways of Life: On Places, Painters and Poets. Faber and Faber Biography and memoir * 1986: The Lamberts: George, Constant and Kit. Chatto & Windus * 1993: Philip Larkin: A Writer’s Life. Faber and Faber * 1997: Keats: A Biography. Faber and Faber * 2006: In the Blood: A Memoir of my Childhood. Faber and Faber Fiction * 1989: The Pale Companion. Penguin * 1991: Famous for the Creatures. Viking * 2003: The Invention of Dr Cake. Faber and Faber * 2000: Wainewright the Poisoner: The Confessions of Thomas Griffiths Wainewright (biographical novel) * 2012: Silver. Jonathan Cape Edited works, introductions, and forewords * 1981: Selected Poems: William Barnes. Penguin Classics * 1982: The Penguin Book of Contemporary British Poetry with Blake Morrison. Penguin * 1994: Thomas Hardy: Selected Poems. Dent * 1993: New Writing 2 (With Malcolm Bradbury). Minerva in association with the British Council * 1994: New Writing 3 (With Candice Rodd). Minerva in association with the British Council * 1997: Penguin Modern Poets: Volume 11 with Michael Donaghy and Hugo Williams. Penguin * 1998: Take 20: New Writing. University of East Anglia * 1999: Verses of the Poets Laureate: From John Dryden to Andrew Motion. With Hilary Laurie. Orion. * 1999: Babel: New Writing by the University of East Anglia’s MA Writers. University of East Anglia. * 2001: Firsthand: The New Anthology of Creative Writing from the University of East Anglia. University of East Anglia * 2002: Paper Scissors Stone: New Writing from the MA in Creative Writing at UEA. University of East Anglia. * 2001: The Creative Writing Coursebook: Forty Authors Share Advice and Exercises for Fiction & Poetry. With Julia Bell. Macmillan * 2000: John Keats: Poems Selected by Andrew Motion. Faber and Faber * 2001: Here to Eternity: An Anthology of Poetry. Faber and Faber * 2002: The Mays Literary Anthology; Guest editor. Varsity Publications * 2003: 101 Poems Against War . Faber and Faber (Afterword) * 2003: First World War Poems. Faber and Faber * 2006: Collins Rhyming Dictionary. Collins * 2007: Bedford Square 2: New Writing from the Royal Holloway Creative Writing Programme. John Murray Ltd. References Wikipedia—https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Motion

Brígida Agüero y Agüero. Poetisa camagüeyana que tuvo como mentor a su padre Francisco Agüero Duque Estrada, apodado “El Solitario”, entre él y su esposa doña María Agüero y Varona forjaron su alma y sus sentimientos. Nace en Puerto Príncipe, Camagüey, Cuba el 12 de mayo de 1837. Hija del poeta Francisco Agüero y Estrada. Pasó la niñez en una finca cerca de su natal Puerto Príncipe, en la que recibió de sus padres la primera educación. Con el movimiento revolucionario de Narciso López, su padre, que se había dado a conocer por sus ideas políticas, fue desterrado y eso hizo que Brígida dejase el campo para vivir en la ciudad, donde dio a conocer sus poemas. En 1861 amplió su educación en la academia que sostenía la Sociedad Filarmónica de Camagüey. Más tarde llegó a ser socia de mérito de dicha sociedad. A los diecisiete años se dedicó por completo al cultivo de las letras y a laborar por la cultura de su ciudad natal. En 1861 se establecieron en la Sociedad Filarmónica de Puerto Príncipe unas clases de literatura y en ellas estudió con asiduidad demostrando sus condiciones excepcionales, al poco tiempo era nombrada Socia Facultativa de la sección de literatura. Fue en esa época en que escribió su oda "Las Artes y la Gloria, que dedicó a los socios del liceo camagüeyano y que leyó en uno de los muchos actos culturales que ofrecía a la sociedad tan prestigiosa institución. Todo lo feliz que fuera en sus primeros años, lo fue de desgraciada en su juventud. La familia se vio perseguida por sus ideas revolucionarias, y ella, pronto se vio atacada por la tuberculosis que hizo grandes estragos en su delicado organismo. Nunca ignoró su estado. Murió en Puerto Príncipe un 26 de junio de 1865, a los veintinueve años dejando una basta obra. Escrito Sus poemas aparecen recogidos por José Manuel Carbonell en el tomo tercero de su Evolución de la cultura cubana. 1608-1927. (La poesía lírica en Cuba. T. 3. La Habana, Imp. El Siglo XX, 1928, p. 365-367.) Retrato de una señorita, 1858; Ecos del alma, 1859; Inspiración, 1859; La Fe Cristiana, 1859; Flores del alma, 1859; Lo Bello, 1860; A la señora doña Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, 1860; A la Virgen, 1860; El encuentro, 1860; Las Artes y la Gloria, 1860; Desencanto, A..., 1860; A Puerto Príncipe, 1860; Adiós a B..., 1860; Esperanza, 1860; A un retrato, 1860; Desde el campo, 1864; A la simpática niña doña Ana de Varona y Varona, 1864; A la Primavera, 1864; La noche y el día, 1865; Resignación, 1866. A su memoria ofrendaron numerosos poetas, escritores y admiradores suyos una Corona Fúnebre en sentidos versos. Referencias Ecured – https://www.ecured.cu/Brígida_Agüero_y_Agüero

Claude Mermet, né à Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey un peu avant 1550 et mort à Saint-Rambert-en-Bugey en 1620, est un poète français. Biographie À peine en âge d’étudier, il fut mis au collège de sa ville natale, une bonne institution où il se fit bientôt remarquer entre tous, par son intelligence vive, enjouée, railleuse, où la gaieté gauloise et la gausserie bugiste s’alliaient largement à une instruction solide, à la délicatesse du goût et à la finesse de l’esprit. Il avait une instruction solide, une intelligence vive et enjouée, une finesse d’esprit dont ses écrits ont donné la preuve. On ne sait pas trop où il fit ses études. Peut-être à Turin, comme Claude Guichard, né également à Saint-Rambert vers 1545. Claude Mermet ayant terminé ses études et fier de quelques vers applaudis, chercha sa voie et crut l’avoir trouvée en se faisant nommer principal du collège dont il avait été l’élève. Il prit alors conscience, au milieu des livres et des professeurs, des énormes lacunes dans les ouvrages pédagogiques mis entre les mains de ses élèves. Il entreprit alors un de ses ouvrages les plus connus que les événements ne lui permirent pas de publier alors et qui ne put voir le jour que DIX ans plus tard. Cet ouvrage a été édité à Lyon par Basile Bouquet en l’année 1589, un seul exemplaire connu en a permis la réédition, en 1973 : La pratique de l’Orthographe FrançoiseMais il était appelé à une autre carrière. Ses vers et sa réputation étaient connus d’Emmanuel-Philibert, Duc de Savoie, qui le nomma notaire ducal à Saint-Rambert. Il avait à peine vingt-cinq ans. Il garda cette charge jusqu’à un âge avancé. Il a terminé sa vie comme châtelain, à Saint-Rambert en 1620. L’œuvre La pratique de l’Orthographe FrançoiseL’œuvre de Claude Mermet est riche d’études satiriques sur les mœurs et personnages de son temps. Ses ouvrages confirment son esprit observateur, critique et aussi plein d’esprit : Le Temps Passé et la Boutique des UsuriersDans sa littérature, il s’est beaucoup intéressé aux femmes et à leur condition : le bon droit des femmes ; le moyen de garder les femmes d’être mauvaises ; l’avis du mariage.On lui doit des ouvrages singuliers ayant pour titre : en 1583Traité de consolation aux maris ; Le Devoir des femmes et la manière de les empêcher d’être méchantes ; La Grande Boutique des usuriers, en vers français, avec l’aventure extraordinaire d’un soldat qui mangea son cheval et son épée ; Une traduction de Sophonisbe.en 1585Le Temps passé– Lyon. Extraits On peut citer son quatrain sur les amis, que René Favre de la Valbonne avait placé sur sa maison forte de Premeiry : « Les Amis de l’heure présenteOnt la nature du melonIl faut en essayer cinquanteAvant d’en trouver un bon. » On peut également citer : « Tu dis que tu es gentilhomme par la faveur d’un parchemin.Si un rat se trouve en chemin tu seras puis simplement homme. » Sources A. Vingtrinier, " Un poète oublié : C. Mermet de Sainct-Rambert en Bugey ", Rev. du Lyonnais, IV, 1877, p. 426-448. R. Lathuillière, « Un grammairien lyonnais du XVIe siècle, Claude Mermet et le problème de l’orthographe », dans L’humanisme lyonnais au XVIe siècle, actes du colloque de Lyon (mai 1972), Grenoble, PU, 1974, p. 261-273. Gérard Defaux (dir.), Bernard Colombat (collab.), Lyon et l’illustration de la langue française à la Renaissance, Lyon, 2003, p. 174-176. Quelques vers du poète sur : www.poesie-francaise.fr. Articles connexes Chronologie de la littérature française : Littérature française du Moyen Âge– XVIe siècle – XVIIe siècle– XVIIIe siècle– XIXe siècle– XXe siècle– XXIe siècle Poésie française du XVIe siècle Liste d’écrivains de langue française par ordre chronologique Liens externes Notices d’autorité : Fichier d’autorité international virtuel • International Standard Name Identifier • Bibliothèque nationale de France (données) • Système universitaire de documentation • Bibliothèque du Congrès • Gemeinsame Normdatei • Bibliothèque royale des Pays-Bas • WorldCat Portail de la poésie Portail du Bugey Les références Wikipedia – https ://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Mermet

Diego Vicente Tejera Calzado (20 de noviembre de 1848 - 6 de noviembre de 1903) fue un escritor, poeta, intelectual, político y patriota cubano del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX. Independentista convencido, también fue un importante precursor del movimiento socialista en Cuba. Nació el 20 de noviembre de 1848 en la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Sus padres fueron Diego Vicente Tejera y Piloña y Ascensión Calzado y Portuondo. En su adolescencia, comenzó los estudios de sacerdocio, pero pronto los abandonó, pues no sentía la vocación. A los 16 años, intentó alistarse en el ejército español, para ir a combatir a República Dominicana, por aquel entonces bajo ocupación española. Al no ser aceptado, rompe con el Gobierno colonial español de Cuba y comienza a distribuir panfletos anticoloniales en su ciudad. En 1866, viaja a Estados Unidos. Meses después, se traslada a Europa. En un periplo de varios meses, recorre París, Londres, Bélgica y el Rin. En septiembre de 1868, al estallar la revolución contra Isabel II en España, Diego viaja a Madrid. Poco después, marcha a Puerto Rico, donde toma parte en el Grito de Lares. Tras el fracaso de este, Diego se exilia en Venezuela, junto a Ramón Emeterio Betances. En Caracas, finaliza sus estudios y luego combate contra Guzmán Blanco. Herido y capturado, debe exiliarse en Barcelona, España. A partir de ese momento, comienza su obra intelectual. Tiempo después, viaja a Nueva York, donde entra en contacto con los exiliados cubanos e intenta solicitar un viaje a Cuba, para unirse a los independentistas en la Guerra de los Diez Años (1868-1878), pero le es denegada su solicitud. Terminada la guerra en Cuba, Diego regresa a su país y colabora con varias publicaciones. Pronto, intenta regresar a España, pero su barco naufraga y debe recalar en Nueva York. En dicha ciudad, contacta de nuevo con los independentistas cubanos exiliados y conoce a José Martí. En 1883, se casó en La Habana con una joven llamada María Teresa, con quien tuvo tres hijos, llamados Diego Luis, Ascensión y Paul Louis. Entre 1888 y 1892, residió en París, pero vino a Cuba para la inauguración del Teatro Terry, en la ciudad de Cienfuegos. Enfermo, regresa a Nueva York en 1894. Su enfermedad le impide unirse a los independentistas cubanos en la Guerra Necesaria (1895-1898). Continúa con su trabajo periodístico e intelectual en Estados Unidos hasta el fin de la guerra en Cuba (1898), cuando regresa a la Isla. De ideas marxistas, Tejera funda el primer Partido Socialista Cubano, el 22 de mayo de 1899, de corta vida. En 1900, intenta refundar el partido con el nombre de Partido Popular, pero fracasa. Falleció de un cáncer de garganta en La Habana, poco antes de cumplir los 55 años de edad, el 6 de noviembre de 1903. Referencias Wikipedia – https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Vicente_Tejera

Robert Williams Buchanan (18 August 1841 – 10 June 1901) was a Scottish poet, novelist and dramatist. He was the son of Robert Buchanan (1813–1866), Owenite lecturer and journalist, and was born at Caverswall, Staffordshire, England. Buchanan senior, a native of Ayr, Scotland, lived for some years in Manchester, then moved to Glasgow, where Buchanan junior was educated, at the high school and the university, one of his fellow-students being the poet David Gray. His essay on Gray, originally published in the Cornhill Magazine, tells the story of their close friendship, and of their journey to London in 1860 in search of fame.

Medardo Lafuente (Santander España, 1885 - Camagüey, 1939) fue un destacado periodista, pedagogo, poeta y masón camagüeyano. Fue uno de los oradores durante la inauguración de la estatua de Ignacio Agramonte en la otrora Plaza de Armas. Entre 1915 y 1917 fue secretario asesor de la Cámara de Comercio, Industria y Agricultura de Camagüey, y en 1916 fue nombrado secretario de la Superintendencia de Escuelas de Camagüey. En 1927 estuvo entre los fundadores en esta ciudad de una Delegación de la Universidad Popular José Martí, por lo que guardó prisión. En tanto periodista, colaboró con más de veinte publicaciones, tanto españolas como cubanas. En su libro póstumo Ofrendas líricas su viuda, Dolores Salvador Méndez, reunió su amplia producción poética. Referencias El Camagüey – https://www.elcamaguey.org/autores/medardo-lafuente

Lilian Helen Bowes Lyon (1895–1949) was a British poet. Biography Born 23 December 1895 at Ridley Hall, Northumberland. She was the youngest daughter of the Honourable Francis Bowes Lyon and was a first cousin of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. During the First World War, Bowes Lyon helped at Glamis Castle (owned by her uncle) which became a convalescence home for soldiers. Her brother Charles Bowes Lyon was killed in the war on 23 October 1914, inspiring her poem “Battlefield” which was later published in Bright Feather Fading. After the Great War, Bowes Lyon studied for a time at the University of Oxford and then moved to London. She was independently wealthy. In 1929, she met the writer William Plomer CBE and through him, Laurens van der Post. She published two novels, The Buried Stream (1929) and Under the Spreading Tree (1931) but thereafter focused on poetry. Bowes Lyon published six individual collections with Jonathan Cape and a Collected Poems in 1948. Her “Collected Poems” contains an introduction by C. Day-Lewis, who noted the influences of Emily Dickinson, Hopkins and Christina Rossetti. Her verse appeared in many periodicals and anthologies including The Adelphi, Country Life, Kingdom Come, The Listener, The London Mercury, The Lyric (USA), The Observer, Orion, Punch, The Spectator, Time and Tide and “Poetry” (USA). During the Second World War, Bowes Lyon moved to the East End of London, where she used the Tilbury Docks unofficial air raid shelter and assisted with nursing the injured. She had several amputations due to thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s Disease), losing toes, a foot, her lower legs and eventually both her legs below her hips. She returned to her home in Kensington and continued to write poetry despite the thromboangitis obliterans beginning to affect her hands. These poems, found amongst William Plomer’s papers at University of Durham, were published in “Uncollected Poems” by Tragara Press. She died on 25 July 1949.

Richard Jago (1 October 1715– 8 May 1781) was an English clergyman poet and minor landscape gardener from Warwickshire. Although his writing was not highly regarded by contemporaries, some of it was sufficiently novel to have several imitators. Life Richard Jago was the third son of the Rector of Beaudesert, Warwickshire, and was named after him. His father’s family was of Cornish origin, while his mother was from the immediately adjoining village of Henley in Arden. He was educated at Solihull School, where one of its five houses is now named after him. While there he formed a lifelong friendship with William Shenstone. In 1732, he went up to University College, Oxford and while there Shenstone made him acquainted with other students with a literary taste. He took his master’s degree 9 July 1738, having entered into the church the year before, and served the curacy of Snitterfield, Warwickshire, near Stratford upon Avon. In 1744, he married Dorothea Susanna Fancourt, daughter of the rector of Kimcote in Leicestershire, whom he had known from her childhood. In 1751 his wife died, leaving him with the care of seven very young children. Three of these were boys, who predeceased him, but he was eventually survived by three of his daughters. In 1759, he married a second wife, Margaret Underwood, but had no children by her. Jago had become vicar of Harbury in 1746, and shortly after of Chesterton, both in Warwickshire. Through aristocratic patrons, he was given the living of Snitterfield in 1754, and later was presented with his former father-in-law’s living in Kimcote in 1771, after which he resigned the livings of Harbury and Chesterton, keeping the others. Snitterfield remained his favourite residence and it was there that he would die at the age of 66. Jago shared with Shenstone an interest in landscape gardening and occupied himself with making improvements to the Snitterfield vicarage garden. Both became part of the likeminded circle about Henrietta Knight, Lady Luxborough which also included other literary friends, William Somervile and Richard Graves, rector of Claverton. Shenstone dedicated a bench to Jago at the end of the viewing circuit near his house, The Leasowes, and both dedicated poems to each other. Poetry Jago’s first independent publications were two sermons. The first, “The Cause of Impenitence Considered” (1755), was published for the benefit of Harbury Free School; the second was a funeral sermon, “The nature and grounds of a Christian’s happiness in and after death” (1763). Shenstone’s letters mention an Essay on Electricity written by Jago, written in 1747, but this seems to have remained unpublished. Poems of his were also beginning to appear in Robert Dodsley’s anthologies, Collection of Poetry by several hands, among which the sentimental elegy “The Blackbirds” had made something of a stir after it first appeared in the ephemeral magazine The Adventurer in 1753. This was a lament on the death of a self-sacrificing blackbird and was shortly followed by similar poems on goldfinches and swallows. They were particularly praised by Dr. John Aikin in his “Essay on the application of Natural History to poetry”, who also noted that there were soon imitations among other minor poets, including Samuel Jackson Pratt’s “The Partridges, an elegy” (1771) and James Graeme’s “The Linnet” (1773). Jago’s most ambitious publication was the four-part topographical poem, Edge Hill, or the rural prospect delineated and moralised (1767). It was written in blank verse and was once described as “the most elaborate local poem in our language”. The poet takes his stance on the hill in the morning, facing south-west (book 1); at noon he is on Ratley Hill in the centre (books 2–3) and then moves along the ridge to look north-east at evening. The poem intermingles description with legendary, historical and antiquarian particulars, principally the battle at the start of the English Civil War. Imaginary excursions are made to Warwick, Coventry, Kenilworth, Solihull, and industrial Birmingham (under the name Bremicham), as well as many “flattering descriptions of all the great houses and seats of important people which come within his survey”. Local rivers are also included and even the nearby canal on which “sooty barks pursue their liquid track”. There are many digressions as well, including descriptions of industrial processes and of the nature of vision and the working of the telescope. The critic already quoted finds the poem “really interesting; with the scene before us, it is impossible not to admire the ingenuity and scrupulous thoroughness with which the author has performed his task,” although ultimately it is lacking in poetic execution. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature judges that "his catalogues have little picturesqueness or colour; while his verse, although it is not without the accent of local association, is typical, as a whole, of the decadence of the Miltonic method of natural description in the 18th century. Every group of trees is a grove, every country house a dome, and every hill a precipice". Particular examples of hackneyed diction include Latin-derived adjectives, as in “Honington’s irriguous meads”, or else 18th century circumlocutions such as “the woolly tribes” when sheep are meant. Nevertheless, the poem seems to have inspired the writing of the much shorter and simpler “Ode to Lansdowne Hill” (1785), which celebrates the site of another Civil War battle. In the following year Jago published “Labour and Genius, or the mill-stream and the cascade”, a humorous fable in octosyllabic verse written in memory of William Shenstone and his landscaped grounds at the Leasowes. Poems of lesser significance appeared here and there and Jago was working on a revised edition of his collected poems just before his death. This appeared posthumously as Poems, Moral and Descriptive in 1784. Included there was another homage to Milton in the oratorio “Adam, or the fatal disobedience, compiled from Milton’s Paradise Lost and adapted to music”. The rhymed choruses there were of Jago’s composition, but the main body of the work is adapted directly from Paradise Lost. Though it found no composer to set it, another of Jago’s pieces did. This was the “Roundelay for the Stratford Jubilee” organised by David Garrick in 1769, which was set for singing by Charles Dibdin. One other humorous piece also found an imitator. In Jago’s “Hamlet’s soliloquy imitated”, a minor poet agonises over whether “to print or not to print” and run the danger, by submitting his verses to Dodsley, to “lose the name of author”. A subsequent parody titled “The Presbyterian parson’s soliloquy” over the question to “conform or not conform” appeared in The Hibernian Magazine in 1774 and was often reprinted thereafter, ascribed to Samuel Badcock. One later commentator gave it as his opinion that “the hint of this parody was probably borrowed from Mr Jago’s”. Slight Jago’s output may have been, but it appears to have been influential in its time. References Wikipedia—https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Jago

José Agustín Quintero fue periodista, diplomático, abogado, traductor, poeta y revolucionario. Nació el 6 de mayo de 1829 en La Habana. Su padre se llamó Antonio Quintero y su madre Anna Woodville, estudió en el Colegio de San Cristóbal y, según informes en la Universidad de Harvard, aunque hay constancia de él no sobrevive. Quintero fue amigo de Henry Wadsworth Longfellow y tradujo su obra y la de otros poetas, como Tensión. Se graduó de la escuela de derecho en La Habana y se convirtió en un periodista que escribe para la revolución patriota cubano.

La doctora Ángela M. Zaldívar fue una de las representantes de Camagüey en el Congreso Nacional de Mujeres de 1923, donde presentó la ponencia “Tribunales de mujeres para juzgar delitos cometidos por las de su sexo”, tema oficial de la delegación camagüeyana al cónclave.

María Dhialma Tiberti (La Plata, Buenos Aires, 25 de octubre de 1928 - San Isidro, Buenos Aires, 16 de enero de 1987) escritora argentina. Nieta de Luis Tiberti, cursó estudios en la Escuela Normal Nacional Nº 1 Mary O. Graham y Letras e Historia en la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad local (Universidad Nacional de La Plata). Ha tenido a su cargo la colección Ediciones del Bosque, integrada con obras de otros conocidos autores provinciales, tales como Raúl Amaral, Horacio Ponce de León, Ana Emilia Lahitte[1], Roberto Themis Speroni y María de Villarino entre otros. Ha colaborado en diarios y revistas y fue miembro fundador, y vocal titular, en 1956, de la filial platense de la Sociedad Argentina de Escritores (SADE) y de varias instituciones culturales y sociales. Hacia 1950, fue miembro de la Comisión Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares y ejerció un especial patronato intelectual como madrina (benefactora) y socia honoraria de la Biblioteca Escolar Popular Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, de la Escuela Nacional Nº 85 de Coihuecó – Loucopé (Via Zapala) en la Neuquén. También fue miembro activo del Consejo Femenino de la Asociación Interamericana de Escritores. Como escritora, recibió numerosas menciones honoríficas y premios literarios, entre ellos el del Consejo del Escritor por el cuento Niña en la ventana, y otro por la novela Estimado señor Gris Heredera de la tradición literaria de Norah Lange, de tendencia ultramodernista, en los escritos de Tiberti predomina el elemento plástico y el movimiento de las imágenes regidas por el adjetivo siempre parco, como en su famoso poema Y la nostalgia. Algo de Antonio Machado y de Juan Ramón Jiménez se encuentra a lo largo de muchos versos de la autora, pero también de Pablo Neruda y de Rainer Maria Rilke. Sin embargo, del romanticismo, la poesía de María Dhialma Tiberti no tiene sino lo más fino y delicado, lo más tenue y sutil, lo que de él ha sobrevivido en el modernismo (Helena Percas, 1958). En 1967, Ediciones de Cultura Hispánica, bajo la dirección de la académica (RAE) Carmen Conde, publica poemas de Tiberti en una antología titulada: Once grande poetisas américo-hispanas, junto a poemas de Delmira Agustini; Gabriela Mistral; Alfonsina Storni; Juana de Ibarbourou; Dulce María Loynaz; Clara Silva; Julia de Burgos; Amanda Berenguer; Ida Vitale; Dora Isella Rusell. El perfil cosmopolita y la brillante personalidad de la escritora, viajera infatigable en tierras europeas, en particular escandinavas, residente luego en Holanda por algunos años, atrae a grandes intelectuales de su tiempo. En efecto, durante más de una década, a partir de 1965, Tiberti reúne en su residencia de San Isidro, un grupo científico-literario, frecuentado por los escritores Jorge Luis Borges, Victoria Ocampo, Alejandra Pizarnik, Josefina Passadori, Maria de Villarino, Nicolás Cócaro; y los científicos, W. Selman Eggebert, Plinio Rey, Adrian Aten, entre otros. Entre literatura y ciencia, disparidad de interéses armonizados y justificados dado que la escritora era casada con el reconocido científico, experto en energía nuclear, Dr Gregorio Baro, quien fuera director de la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica de la República Argentina.

Charles Mair (September 21, 1838– July 7, 1927) was a Canadian poet and journalist. He was a fervent Canadian nationalist noted for his participation in the Canada First movement and his opposition to Louis Riel during the two Riel Rebellions in western Canada. Life Mair was born at Lanark, Upper Canada, to Margaret Holmes and James Mair. He attended Queen’s University but did not graduate. On leaving college, he became a journalist. In Ottawa in 1868, Mair was introduced by civil servant and writer Henry Morgan to young lawyers George Denison, William Foster, and Robert Haliburton. “Together they organized the overtly nationalistic Canada First movement, which began as a small social group.” Mair “represented the Montreal Gazette during the first Riel Rebellion, and was imprisoned and narrowly escaped being shot by the rebels.” Mair was a Freemason Mair "was an Officer of the Governor-General’s Body Guard during the second Riel rebellion in 1885, and was later employed in the Canadian civil service in the West." He died in Victoria, British Columbia. Writing Mair published the first book of poetry in post-Confederation Canada, 1868's Dreamland and Other Poems. “Negligible as verse,” says The Canadian Encyclopedia, "the volume gained interest when Mair escaped after being captured by Louis Riel during the Red River disturbances of 1869-70.” The Dictionary of Canadian Biography (DCB) states that Dreamland “demonstrates a conventional colonial approach to poetry. Such poems as 'August’ succeed in their attention to natural detail: descriptions of the blueflies, the milkmaids, and the 'ribby-lean’ cattle in parched fields anticipate the mature nature poetry of Archibald Lampman. But too often he wrote not of the timberlands he knew but of a dreamland weakly modelled upon the romantic flights of Keats.” However, the book was praised by “the established poet Charles Sangster, who referred to Canada’s sophisticated literary tradition as one that was habitually overlooked in the popular press.” Writing later in the Ottawa Journal, William Wilfred Campbell saw Dreamland as a precursor to the nature poetry later popularized in Canada by the Confederation Poets: “The thirty-three poems constitute the first attempt to deal with Canadian nature, in the manner of Keats and the other classic poets, and many of them in theme and treatment are similar to the verse of Lampman and Roberts.... And there are strong evidences in Mair’s work that he influenced these poets to a great extent.” Mair published Tecumseh, a historical drama mainly in blank verse dealing with the War of 1812, in 1886. Canadian critic Alan Filewood wrote of the political and philosophical ideas expressed by Mair in the poem: Mair’s projection of Canadian nationhood is embodied in the character of Lefroy, a Byronesque poet who flees civilization to seek solace in nature’s genius. He learns– tragically– from the British General Brock that natural law finds its outward form in the monarchic principle, and from the Indian chieftain Tecumseh that nature must be defended against the perversion of American materialism. The dying Tecumseh legitimizes the proto-(Anglo) Canadians as the natural guardians of the land, and Canadian manhood finds mature expression in a race of armed poets.(...) Mair looked to the day when the dominions would assume the responsibilities of adulthood: Then shall a whole family of young giants stand 'Erect, unbound, at Britain’s side-' her imperial offspring oversea, the upholders in the far future of her glorious tradition, or, should exhaustion ever come, the props and supports of her declining years. The DCB calls Tecumseh "a major contribution to our 19th-century literary heritage, wherein the War of 1812 is the central event of Canadian history. Among the many literary treatments of this war, including works by Sangster, John Richardson, and Sarah Anne Curzon... Tecumseh stands as the most accomplished." The Canadian Encyclopedia says that the poem’s “blank verse is pedestrian and untheatrical”, but it also tells us that “Tecumseh was important in the development of Canadian drama. It presents a vision of Canada as a co-operative enterprise in contrast with the self-seeking individualism of the United States.” Recognition Mair was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1889. In 1937 he was designated a Person of National Historic Significance. Canadian folksinger Gordon Lightfoot adapted a line from Tecumseh, “There was a time on this fair continent,” for the first line in his 1967 historical ballad, “The Canadian Railroad Trilogy” ("There was a time in this fair land when the railroad did not run"). Publications * Dreamland and Other Poems. London: S. Low, 1868. Montreal: Dawson, 1868, * Tecumseh. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co., 1886. London: Chapman & Hall, 1886. * Through the Mackenzie Basin: A Narrative of the Athabasca and Peace River Treaty Expedition of 1899 . London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1903. References Wikipedia—https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Mair

Bruce Bond (born June 25, 1954) is an American poet and creative writing educator at the University of North Texas.

Agnes Ethelwyn Wetherald was born of English-Quaker parents at Rockwood, Ontario, April 26th, 1857. Her father was the late Rev. William Wetherald, who founded the Rockwood Academy about the middle of the last century, and was its principal for some years. He was a lover of good English, spoken and written, and his talented daughter has owed much to his careful teaching. He was the teacher whom the late James J. Hill, the railway magnate, had held in such grateful remembrance. Additional education was received by Miss Wetherald at the Friends' Boarding School, Union Springs, N.Y., and at Pickering College. Miss Wetherald began the writing of poetry later in life than most poets and her first book of verse, The House of the Trees and Other Poems, did not appear until 1895. This book at once gave her high rank among women poets. Prior to this, she had collaborated with G. Mercer Adam on writing and publishing a novel, An Algonquin Maiden, and had conducted the Woman's Department in The Globe, Toronto, under the nom de plume, 'Bel Thistlewaite.' In 1902, appeared her second volume of verse, Tangled in Stars, and, in 1904, her third volume, The Radiant Road. In the autumn of 1907, a collection of Miss Wetherald's best poems was issued, entitled, The Last Robin: Lyrics and Sonnets. It was warmly welcomed generally, by reviewers and lovers of poetry. The many exquisite gems therein so appealed to Earl Grey, the then Governor-General of Canada, that he wrote a personal letter of appreciation to the author, and purchased twenty-five copies of the first edition for distribution among his friends. For years Miss Wetherald has resided on the homestead farm, near the village of Fenwick, in Pelham Township, Weland county, Ontario, and there in the midst of a large orchard and other rural charms, has dreamed, and visioned, and sung, pouring out her soul in rare, sweet songs, with the naturalness of a bird. And like a bird she has a nest in a large willow tree, cunningly contrived by a nature-loving brother, where her muse broods contentedly, intertwining her spirit with every aspect of the beautiful environment.

Enrique Hernández Miyares nació en Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, el 20 de octubre de 1859. A los quince años se trasladó con su familia a La Habana. Casi adolescente aún se inició en el periodismo con Diego Vicente Tejera. Como periodista desarrolló una amplia labor durante años en múltiples publicaciones. Fue redactor del Diario de Señoras y de El Almendares. Como corrector de pruebas y colaborador trabajó en El País. Su labor más importante la desarrolló en la Habana Elegante, cuya dirección ocupó a partir de 1888. Con Alfredo Zayas fue codirector de La Habana Literaria, que surgió tras la desaparición de la anterior en 1891. Tras la muerte de Casal presidió el comité encargado de levantar un mausoleo al poeta e instituyó el «Día de Casal» el 21 de octubre. En 1895 emigró a Estados Unidos, donde formó parte de la redacción de Patria y dirigió el semanario Cacarajícara. Regresó a Cuba en 1903 y se reintegró al periodismo. Con Diego Vicente Tejera publicó La Victoria. Fue redactor de El Triunfo, en el que publicaba artículos sobre temas de actualidad. Colaboró en La Discusión y El Fígaro. Fue miembro fundador de la Academia Nacional de Artes y Letras y secretario del Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de La Habana. Como ministro plenipotenciario asistió a las fiestas del aniversario de la independencia de México. Utilizó los seudónimos Grisóstomo, Hernán de Henríquez y Juan de Jiguaní. Enrique Hernández falleció en La Habana, el 2 de agosto de 1914.

Marcos Rafael Blanco Belmonte (1871-1936) fue un poeta, escritor y periodista español. Nació en Córdoba en 1871.​ En 1896 era redactor del periódico cordobés La Unión.2​ Posteriormente se trasladó a Madrid, donde fue redactor del periódico El Español y en 1900 pasó a ser redactor numerario de La Ilustración Española y Americana.2​ Colaboró también frecuentemente en otros semanarios ilustrados como La Lidia, El Gato Negro, Blanco y Negro y La Correspondencia de España.​ Fue miembro de la Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid. Falleció en 1936. Fue premiado en la Academia por sus poesías Al sembrar de los trigos (1914), y en el certamen de El Carhayón (1915), por La Lanza de don Quijote.​ Cejador y Frauca le describe como un «poeta castizo, de lírica objetiva y épica, sin mancillarse con el lirismo francés y sin tener tampoco nada de lo bueno que trajo el modernismo, cantó á los niños abandonados y á la Patria con fogosa elocuencia, que recuerda la de Quintana, y vena fácil, que le lleva á veces á desleír demasiadamente el pensamiento». Referencias Wikipedia – es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_Rafael_Blanco_Belmonte

Henri-François-Alphonse Esquiros, né le 23 mai 1812 dans le 8e arrondissement de Paris et mort le 12 mai 1876 à Versailles, est un auteur romantique et un homme politique français. Plusieurs fois député, il est élu sénateur le 30 janvier 1876 et meurt lors de son mandat. Biographie Issu d’une famille de la bourgeoisie parisienne, Alphonse Esquiros est le fils d’Alexandre-François Esquiros (1779-1847), viticulteur à Épernay et fabricant de coton en 1814, puis employé, et de Françoise-Henriette Malin (1782-1860). Quatrième d’une famille de sept enfants, il a trois frères: Charles (né en 1808, mort jeune) ; Eugène-Antoine (né en 1814, mort en bas âge) ; Henri (né en 1820, mort en bas âge) ;Et trois sœurs: Aglaé (née en 1805, morte en bas âge) ; Élisabeth (née en 1806, morte en bas âge) ; Marie (1823-1859).Après des études à l’école de l’abbé Hubault et au petit séminaire de Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet de Paris, il entre au lycée à Paris puis à la Sorbonne, où il suit les cours mais ne passe pas la licence. Élevé dans la foi catholique, il s’écarte de la religion catholique sous l’influence de son ami Lamennais et devient un libre-penseur et un anticlérical militant. Il débute dans les lettres en 1834 par un volume de poésies, les Hirondelles, dont Victor Hugo fait l’éloge, et deux romans, Le Magicien en 1834 et Charlotte Corday en 1840, qui connaissent un grand succès. D’opinion démocrate et socialiste, il écrit ensuite L’Évangile du peuple (1840), un tableau de la vie et du caractère de Jésus, vu comme un réformateur social. Ce livre est considéré comme une offense à l’égard de la religion et de la décence, et, le 30 janvier 1841, Esquiros est condamné à une amende de 500 francs et emprisonné huit mois à Sainte-Pélagie. Pendant sa détention, il écrit un deuxième recueil de vers, Les Chants d’un prisonnier (1841). Puis il publie trois petits ouvrages d’inspiration socialiste, les Vierges martyres, les Vierges folles (contre la prostitution) et les Vierges sages (1847), où il s’affirme comme un républicain de sentiment et un partisan enthousiaste de la Convention nationale, de la Montagne et des Jacobins. Le 7 août 1847, il épouse à Paris, dans la paroisse Saint-Sulpice, une femme de lettres, Adèle Battanchon, avec qui il écrit une Histoire des amants célèbres et Regrets, souvenir d’enfance, avant de s’en séparer en 1850. En 1848, il accueille avec enthousiasme la proclamation de la République et publie un journal, Le Peuple, bientôt rebaptisé l’Accusateur public, organe du Club du Peuple, qu’il préside, et dont quatre numéros paraissent du 11 au 25 juin. Lors d’un premier exil à Londres après les journées de Juin, il se met en couple avec une Anglaise, Anne Bunting,, avec laquelle il a un fils, William,, né à Londres en 1849 et mort de la typhoïde à Marseille le 7 novembre 1870. Il est élu le 10 mars 1850 lors d’une élection partielle député démocrate-socialiste (démoc-soc) de Saône-et-Loire à l’Assemblée nationale, le 2e sur 6 par 61 351 voix sur 105 573 votants et 157 148 inscrits, et prend place sur les bancs de la Montagne. L’élection est invalidée, mais il est réélu le 28 avril de la même année par 73 060 voix sur 120 162 votants et 154 015 inscrits. Votant parmi les membres les plus avancés de la minorité républicaine, il doit s’exiler lors du coup d’État du 2 décembre 1851. Expulsé de France, il se retire à Nivelles, en Belgique, puis en Hollande (1856-1859), avant de passer en Angleterre (1859-1869), où il devient professeur d’histoire et de littérature à l’école militaire de Woolwich et publie ses observations et ses études dans la Revue des deux Mondes, publiées en volume sous le titre: l’Angleterre et la vie anglaise en 1859-1869 (5 vols.). Plein de mépris pour l’institution maçonnique en 1851, il se fait pourtant initier lors de son séjour en Angleterre, en même temps que Gustave Naquet. Apprenti à La Réforme de Marseille le 3 avril 1869, il devient compagnon le 10 octobre suivant puis maître le 18 octobre. De retour en France en 1869, il se présente comme candidat de l’opposition radicale dans la 4e circonscription des Bouches-du-Rhône, où il est élu, le 7 juin, député au Corps législatif par 11 243 voix sur 21 334 votants et 31 460 inscrits, contre 9 787 pour M. de Rougemont, le candidat officiel. Siégeant à l’extrême-gauche, il s’oppose en toute occasion au gouvernement et vote contre la déclaration de guerre à la Prusse. En mai 1870, il est l’un des dirigeants de la campagne contre le plébiscite à Paris et à Marseille. Le lendemain de la proclamation de la République, le 4 septembre 1870, il est nommé administrateur supérieur des Bouches-du-Rhône, où il gagne la confiance de la population en prenant des mesures énergiques en faveur de la défense nationale et en créant un comptoir d’escompte. Toutefois, plusieurs de ses arrêtés, notamment la suspension de la Gazette du Midi, journal légitimiste, et la dissolution de la congrégation des jésuites de Marseille, déplaisent au gouvernement, et il est désavoué par Gambetta. De plus, la garde civique qu’il a formée est licenciée. Aussi donne-t-il sa démission le 23 septembre 1870, avant de la retirer. Après avoir définitivement abandonné ses fonctions le 2 novembre, il est à nouveau élu à l’Assemblée nationale le 8 février 1871, le 9e sur 11, par 46 986 voix sur 75 803 votants et 140 189 inscrits. Puis il se fait élire au Sénat le 30 janvier 1876 par 86 voix sur 171 votants. Membre de l’extrême-gauche, il signe et vote la proposition d’amnistie plénière déposée par Victor Hugo. Peu après, il tombe malade et meurt à Versailles le 12 mai 1876. Il est inhumé au cimetière Saint-Pierre de Marseille après des obsèques civiles, qui sont suivies par plus de 10 000 personnes. Sa tombe sur laquelle est placé son buste sculpté par Lucien Chauvet devient un centre de manifestation de la libre-pensée. Parmi ses nombreux ouvrages sur la question sociale, on peut noter une Histoire des Montagnards (2 vols., 1847), Paris, ou Les sciences, les institutions, et les mœurs au XIXe siècle (2 vols., 1847) et une Histoire des martyrs de la liberté (1851). Alphonse Esquiros a collaboré à plusieurs revues, en particulier L’Artiste, La Revue de Paris et la Revue des deux Mondes. De même, il a dirigé L’Accusateur public en 1848 et participé, avec Eugène Pelletan, Théophile Thoré et Paul Mantz, à La République des arts. Peinture, statuaire, architecture, archéologie en 1848, avec François-Vincent Raspail, à La République de Marat en 1871. Œuvres * PoésieLes Hirondelles, 1834 * Chants d’un prisonnier, Paris, Challamel, 1841, 246 p. * Fleur du peuple, Paris: F. Sartorius, 1848, 71 p.RomansLe Magicien, Paris, L. Desessarts, 1838, 2 vol. * Charlotte Corday, Paris, Desessarts, 1840, 2 vol.EssaisPhilosophie du Christ, 1835 * L’Évangile du peuple, Paris, Le Gallois, 1840, 139 p. (commentaire philosophique et démocratique de la vie de Jésus) * Les Vierges sages, Paris, P. Delavigne, 1842, 252 p. * Les Vierges martyres, Paris, P. Delavigne, 1846, 256 p. * Paris, ou Les sciences, les institutions, et les mœurs au XIXe siecle, 1847 * Histoire des amants célèbres (en collaboration avec Adèle Esquiros), Paris, bureau des publications nationales, 1847 * Histoire des Montagnards, Paris, V. Lecou, 1847, 2 vol. * Regrets.– Souvenirs d’enfance. – Consolation. – Jalousie, (en collaboration avec Adèle Esquiros), Paris, imprimerie de Bénard, 1849 * Le Droit au travail, de son organisation par la réforme des institutions de crédit, Blois, C. Groubental, 1849, 40 p. * De la Vie future au point de vue socialiste, Marseille, bureaux de la Voix du peuple, 1850, 144 p. * Histoire des martyrs de la liberté, Paris, J. Bry aîné, 1851, 240 p. * Les Confessions d’un curé de village, Paris, J. Bry, 1851, 48 p. * Les Fastes populaires, ou Histoire des actes héroïques du peuple et de son influence sur les sciences, les arts, l’industrie et l’agriculture, Paris, administration des publications populaires, 1851-1853, 4 vol. * Le Château d’Issy, ou les Mémoires d’un prêtre, Bruxelles, J. B. Tarride, 1854, 238 p. (rééd. Leipzig, A. Durr, 1860) * Les Vierges martyres, Les Vierges folles, Les Vierges sages 1840–42, La Morale universelle, 1859 (réédition) * La Néerlande et la vie hollandaise, Paris, Michel Lévy frères, 1859, 2 vol. * Itinéraire descriptif et historique de la Grande-Bretagne et de l’Irlande (en collaboration avec Adolphe Joanne), Paris, L. Hachette, 1865, 739 p. * L’Angleterre et la vie anglaise, Paris, J. Hetzel, 1869, 5 vol. * L’Émile du dix-neuvième siècle, Paris, Librairie internationale, 1869, 422 p. * Les Paysans, Paris, librairie de la Bibliothèque démocratique, 1872, 191 p. * Ce qu’on pensait de l’Empire à l’étranger, Paris, Le Chevalier, 1875, 35 p.CorrespondanceChoix de lettres, (textes réunis, présentés et annotés par Anthony Zielonka), Paris ; Genève, Champion-Slatkine, 1990, 144 p. Les références Wikipedia – https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_Esquiros

Susan Frances Harrison née Riley (February 24, 1859– May 5, 1935) (a.k.a. Seranus) was a Canadian poet, novelist, music critic and music composer who lived and worked in Ottawa and Toronto. Life Susie Frances Riley was born in Toronto of Irish-Canadian ancestry, the daughter of John Byron Riley. She studied music with Frederic Boscovitz, at a private school for girls in Toronto, and later in Montreal. She reportedly began publishing poetry, in the Canadian Illustrated News, at 16 under the pseudonym “Medusa.” After completing her education, she worked as a pianist and singer. In 1880 she married organist John W. F. Harrison, of Bristol, England, who was the organist of St. George’s Church in Montreal. The couple had a son and a daughter. The Harrisons lived in Ottawa in 1883, when Susie Harrison composed the song “Address of Welcome to Lord Lansdowne” to celebrate the first public appearance of the new Governor General, the Marquess of Lansdowne. In 1887 the Harrisons moved to Toronto, where John Harrison became organist and choirmaster of St. Simon the Apostle, and Susan Harrison began a literary career under the pseudonym “Seranus” (a misreading of her signature, “S. Frances”), soon publishing articles in “many of the leading journals and periodicals.” She wrote a number of songs published in the United States and England under the name Seranus, and published other songs in England under the name, Gilbert King. She was the music critic of The Week from December 1886 to June 1887 under her pen-name of Seranus. She wrote the “Historical sketch on Canadian music” for the 1898 Canada: An Encyclopedia of the Country. Susan Harrison was considered an authority on folk music, and often lectured on the subject. She used traditional Irish melodies in her String Quartet on Ancient Irish Airs, and French-Canadian music in her 1887 Trois Esquisses canadiennes (Three Canadian Sketches), ‘Dialogue,’ ‘Nocturne,’ and 'Chant du voyageur’. She also incorporated French-Canadian melodies in her three-act opera, Pipandor (with libretto by F.A. Dixon of Ottawa). Her String Quartet on Ancient Irish Airs, is likely the first string quartet composed in Canada by a woman. In 1896 and 1897 she presented a series of well-received lectures in Toronto on "The Music of French Canada. For 20 years Harrison was the principal of the Rosedale branch of the Toronto Conservatory of Music. During the 1900s she contributed to and edited the Conservatory’s publication Conservatory Monthly, and contributed to its successor Conservatory Quarterly Review. She wrote the article on “Canada” for the 1909 Imperial History and Encyclopedia of Music. In addition, she wrote at least six books of poetry, and three novels. Writing Poetry Harrison’s musical training is reflected in her poetry: “she was adept in her handling of the rhythmic complexities of poetic forms such as the sonnet and the villanelle. Like other Canadian poets of the late nineteenth century, her prevailing themes include nature, love, and patriotism. Her landscape poetry, richly influenced by the works of Charles G.D. Roberts and Archibald Lampman, paints the Canadian wilderness as beguilingly beautiful yet at the same time mysterious and distant.” Harrison was a master of the villanelle. The villanelle was a French verse form that had been introduced to English readers by Edmund Gosse in his 1877 essay, “A Plea for Certain Exotic Forms of Verse”. Novels Her two novels “articulate a fascination with a heavily mythologized Quebec culture that Harrison shared with many English-speaking Canadians of her time... characterized by a gothic emphasis on horror, madness, aristocratic seigneurial manor houses, and a decadent Catholicism.” “Harrison writes elegiacally of a regime whose romantic qualities are largely the creation of an Upper Canadian quest for a distinctive historical identity.” Recognition Harrison experienced a decline in reputation in her lifetime. In 1916 anthologist John Garvin called her “one of our greater poets whose work has not yet had the recognition in Canada it merits.”. "By 1926, Garvin describes her merely as 'one of our distinctive poets’.” The Dictionary of Literary Biography wrote of Susan Frances Harrison, in 1990, that “Harrison’s unpublished work has not been preserved, her published work is out of print and difficult to obtain, and her once-substantial position in the literary life of her country is now all but forgotten.” Publications Selected songs * Song of Welcome. * Pipandor. opera * ‘Trois Esquisses canadiennes: ’Dialogue,' ‘Nocturne,’ 'Chant du voyageur’. 1887. * Quartet on Ancient Irish Airs. Poetry * Four Ballads and a Play. Toronto: Author, 1890. * Pine, Rose and Fleur De Lis. Toronto: Hart, 1891. * In Northern Skies and Other Poems. Toronto: Author, 1912. * Songs of Love and Labor. Toronto: Author, 1925. * Later Poems and New Villanelles. Toronto: Ryerson, 1928. * Penelope and Other Poems. Toronto: Author, 1934. * Bibliographical information on poems from Wanda Campbell, Hidden Rooms. Prose * Crowded Out and Other Sketches. Ottawa: Evening Journal, 1886. * The Forest of Bourg-Marie, novel. Toronto: G.N. Morang, 1898. * Ringfield, novel. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1914. Edited * Canadian Birthday Book. Toronto: Robinson, 1887. Poetry anthology. Articles * “Historical sketch of music in Canada,” Canada: An Encyclopedia of the Country, vol 4, J.C. Hopkins ed., Toronto, 1898. * “Canada,” The Imperial History and Encyclopedia of Music, vol 3: History of Foreign Music, W.L. Hubbard ed., New York ca 1909. Discography * Harrison’s piano music has been recorded and issued on media, including: * Keillor, Elaine. By a Canadian Lady Piano Music 1841-1997 Carleton Sound * Keillor, Elaine. Piano Music by Torontonians (1984) References Wikipedia—https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susie_Frances_Harrison

El poeta solitario Francisco Andrés Escobar (San Salvador, 10 de octubre de 1942 - 9 de mayo de 2010) fue un actor, escritor y periodista salvadoreño. Realizó estudios en licenciatura en Trabajo Social y Ciencias Políticas en la Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas" y participó como actor protagónico o coprotagónico en diversas obras teatrales. También dirigió una pieza dramática de su propia autoría: Un tal Ignacio (1994), dedicada a la memoria del rector de la UCA, Ignacio Ellacuría. Asimismo colaboró como periodista y articulista en la revista Estudios centroamericanos (ECA), a cuyo consejo de redacción perteneció entre 1979 y 1998, Revista Semana (ya desaparecida), y en los periódicos El Mundo y La Prensa Gráfica donde publicó sus ùltimos cuentos y crónicas. Su obra publicada incluye los poemarios Una historia de pájaros y niebla (1978), Petición y ofrenda (1979), Ofertorio (1979), Solamente una vez (1997); la recopilación de cuentos y crónicas El país de donde vengo (1998) y el libro La lira, la cruz y la sombra (2003) que relata la biografía del poeta Alfredo Espino. En 1995, el gobierno de El Salvador le concedió el Premio Nacional de Cultura y fue electo como miembro de la Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua. Referencias Wikipedia — http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Andrés_Escobar

Magdeleine de l'Aubespine dame de Villeroy (21 mai 1546-17 mai 1596) est une poétesse et traductrice française. Très proche de la Cour (son père Claude, seigneur de Châteauneuf en Berry était secrétaire d'État, sa mère Jeanne elle-même fille de Guillaume Bochetel secrétaire d'État), Magdeleine épousa en 1562 Nicolas IV de Neufville de Villeroy également homme d'état, ministre de Henri III1. Elle fut dame d'honneur de Catherine de Médicis, amie de Pierre de Ronsard ; et selon Roger Sorg, amie et maîtresse du poète Philippe Desportes, et fille spirituelle de Ronsard.

Florence Randall Livesay, daughter of Stephen and Mary Louisa Randal, was born at Compton, P. Q., and educated at Compton Ladies' College, now King's Hall. She taught for one year in a private school in New York, and subsequently for seven years was a member of the staff of the Evening Journal, Ottawa,–editor of the Woman's Page. In 1902, the Hon. Joseph Chamberlain requested Canada to send some teachers to the Boer Concentration Camps and Miss Randal, offering her services, was one of the forty chosen. She remained for one year and then returned to Canada, locating at Winnipeg. She joined the staff of the Winnipeg Telegram, and three years later that of the Manitoba Free Press. For several years she edited the Children's Department of the latter, but now writes as a 'free lance.' In 1908, she married Mr. J. Fred. B. Livesay of Winnipeg, Manager and Secretary of the Western Associated Press, Limited, and is now the mother of two girls. Of recent years, Mrs. Livesay has contributed poems, short stories and articles to Canadian and American magazines and journals, and a volume of her verse, entitled Songs of Ukraina is now being published by J. M. Dent & Sons. Mrs. Livesay's folk songs translated from the Ruthenian are unusual and notable, but her poetical gift is quite as discernible in her other poems. She has the imagination and the practiced touch of the artist., daughter of Stephen and Mary Louisa Randal, was born at Compton, P. Q., and educated at Compton Ladies' College, now King's Hall. She taught for one year in a private school in New York, and subsequently for seven years was a member of the staff of the Evening Journal, Ottawa,–editor of the Woman's Page. In 1902, the Hon. Joseph Chamberlain requested Canada to send some teachers to the Boer Concentration Camps and Miss Randal, offering her services, was one of the forty chosen. She remained for one year and then returned to Canada, locating at Winnipeg. She joined the staff of the Winnipeg Telegram, and three years later that of the Manitoba Free Press. For several years she edited the Children's Department of the latter, but now writes as a 'free lance.' In 1908, she married Mr. J. Fred. B. Livesay of Winnipeg, Manager and Secretary of the Western Associated Press, Limited, and is now the mother of two girls. Of recent years, Mrs. Livesay has contributed poems, short stories and articles to Canadian and American magazines and journals, and a volume of her verse, entitled Songs of Ukraina is now being published by J. M. Dent & Sons. Mrs. Livesay's folk songs translated from the Ruthenian are unusual and notable, but her poetical gift is quite as discernible in her other poems. She has the imagination and the practiced touch of the artist.

El anatomista y poeta, doctor José Varela Zequeira, nació en Camagüey en 1854. Se graduó de médico de la Universidad de La Habana en 1887. Colaboró en Arpas Amigas junto a Esteban Borrero Echevarría, Diego Vicente Tejera y los hermanos Francisco y Antonio Sellén, y en las revistas Cuba Contemporánea, Cuba y América, y Revista Bimestre Cubana. Emigró a Costa Rica con el estallido de la guerra y regresó a Cuba en 1898. Obtuvo la cátedra de Anatomía Descriptiva y Disección en Facultad de Medicina, de la Universidad de La Habana, en 1900. Referencias El Camagüey

Rafael Esténger. Escritor cubano que alcanzó gran prestigio en los siglos XIX y XX. Perteneció al Colegio Nacional de Periodistas y a la Academia Nacional de Artes y Letras. Inicios Nace en Santiago de Cuba, el 15 de octubre de 1899. Se graduó de Bachiller en Ciencias y Letras y se doctoró en Derecho Civil en la Universidad de La Habana en 1925. Rafael desempeñó múltiples cargos, entre ellos abogado de oficio en la Audiencia de Oriente, secretario de la Administración Municipal de Santiago de Cuba y consejero del Instituto Nacional de Reforma Económica. Estuvo vinculado al régimen de Gerardo Machado. Perteneció al Colegio Nacional de Periodistas y a la Academia Nacional de Artes y Letras. Obra literaria Rafael cosechó una extensa y rica obra literaria. Su poesía gozó de gran prestigio en los siglos XI y XX, tanto nacional como internacionalmente. Primeras publicaciones Publicó sus primeros versos en La Independencia, El Cubano Libre y otros periódicos de Santiago de Cuba. Fue jefe de redacción de El Sol y colaborador de Letras, El Fígaro, Cuba Contemporánea, Alerta, Avance y Bohemia. Compiló la antología Cien de las mejores poesías cubanas. Con motivo del centenario del natalicio de Antonio Maceo, Rafael reunió los discursos pronunciados en su honor en la Cámara de Representantes, bajo el título Homenaje a Maceo. Prologó La Vagancia en Cuba, de José Antonio Saco, y los Premios de cenáculo, de José Manuel Poveda, entre otros trabajos. Muerte Murió en el 2003. References EcuRed—https://www.ecured.cu/Rafael_Esténger

Cicely Mary Hamilton (née Hammill, 15 June 1872– 6 December 1952), was an English actress, writer, journalist, suffragist and feminist, part of the struggle for women’s suffrage in the United Kingdom. She is now best known for the play How the Vote was Won, which sees all of England’s female workers returning to their nearest male relative for financial support.. She is also credited as author of one of the most frequently performed suffrage plays, A Pageant of Great Women (1909), which first put Jane Austen on the stage as one of its “Learned Women.” Biography Cicely Mary Hammill was born in Paddington, London and educated in Malvern, Worcestershire. After a short spell in teaching she acted in a touring company. Then she wrote drama, including feminist themes, and enjoyed a period of success in the commercial theatre. In 1908 she and Bessie Hatton founded the Women Writers’ Suffrage League. This grew to around 400 members, including Ivy Compton-Burnett, Sarah Grand, Violet Hunt, Marie Belloc Lowndes, Alice Meynell, Olive Schreiner, Evelyn Sharp, May Sinclair and Margaret L. Woods. It produced campaigning literature, written by Sinclair amongst others, and recruited many prominent male supporters. Hamilton supplied the lyrics of “The March of the Women”, the song which Ethel Smyth composed in 1910 for the Women’s Social and Political Union. In the days before radio, one effective way to get a message out into society and to have it discussed was to produce short plays that could be performed around the country, and so suffrage drama was born. Elizabeth Robins’s Votes for Women and Cicely Hamilton and Christopher St. John’s How the Vote Was Won are two predominant examples of the genre. Hamilton also wrote A Pageant of Great Women, a highly successful women’s suffrage play based on the ideas of her friend, the theatre director Edith Craig. Hamilton played Woman while Craig played the painter Rosa Bonheur, one of the 50 or so great women in the play. It was produced all over the UK from 1909 until the First World War. Hamilton was a member of Craig’s theatre society, the Pioneer Players. Her play Jack and Jill and a Friend was one of the three plays in the Pioneer Players’ first production in May 1911. During World War I Hamilton initially worked in the organisation of nursing care, and then joined the army as an auxiliary. Later she formed a repertory company to entertain the troops. After the war, she wrote as a freelance journalist, particularly on birth control, and as a playwright for the Birmingham Repertory Company. In 1938 she was given a Civil List pension. Hamilton’s Theodore Savage (1922, vt. Lest Ye Die 1928) is a science-fiction novel about a Britain devastated by a war. In July 2017, the Finborough Theatre staged the first London production of Hamilton’s play 'Just to Get Married’ in over 100 years. It received positive reviews (4 stars) from The Times The Observer The Evening Standard and The New York Times The production was directed by Melissa Dunne and the cast included Tania Amsel, Nicola Blackman, Joanne Ferguson, Lauren Fitzpatrick, Jonny McPherson, Stuart Nunn, Philippa Quinn, Simon Rhodes and Joshua Riley.

Paula Gunn Allen (October 24, 1939 – May 29, 2008) was a Native American poet, literary critic, activist, professor, and novelist. Of mixed-race European-American, Native American, and Arab-American descent, she identified with her mother's people, the Laguna Pueblo and childhood years. She drew from its oral traditions for her fiction poetry and also wrote numerous essays on its themes. She edited four collections of Native American traditional stories and contemporary works and wrote two biographies of Native American women.

Manuel José Cortés(1815-1865). Poeta, ensayista, periodista, historiador, político y diplomático boliviano, nacido en Cotagaita (en el departamento de Potosí) el 10 de abril de 1811, y fallecido en Sucre (capital del departamento de Chuquisaca) el 16 de febrero de 1865. Figura destacadísima en la vida cultural y política de su joven nación (en que fue un eminente hombre de Estado), ha pasado a la Historia de las Letras bolivianas por haber sido el introductor del Romanticismo entre los poetas de su tierra, así como el primer intelectual que se aproximó al género historiográfico de forma rigurosa y metódica. Aunque nacido en Cotagaita, residió desde su adolescencia en Sucre, donde cursó estudios superiores de Derecho en la Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca. Allí obtuvo el grado de licenciado en Leyes, y allí regresó años después, para ejercer la docencia en sus aulas y ascender hasta el cargo de Cancelario (la máxima autoridad universitaria, a la que correspondía otorgar los grados académicos). En su faceta de hombre público, desplegó una brillante carrera como magistrado que le condujo hasta el relevante cargo de Fiscal General de la República; además, fue representante de sus conciudadanos en la Asamblea Nacional y Presidente del Congreso (1861-1864), y llevó a cabo complejas misiones diplomáticas al servicio del gobierno boliviano. Pero su actividad política no se redujo a las salas, los pasillos y los despachos de las dependencias oficiales, pues, fiel a la tradición del prohombre hispanoamericano del siglo XIX, intervino directamente en diversas acciones armadas, y llegó a ser oficial del ejército boliviano en la Batalla de Ingavi -en la que las tropas de su nación, al mando del general José Ballivián, derrotaron a las huestes peruanas comandadas por el general Agustín Gamarra, con lo que se puso fin a la guerra declarada entre ambas naciones en junio de aquel mismo año-. Esta constante y comprometida implicación en el devenir histórico de su pueblo le acarreó, amén de numerosos cargos y honores, muchos problemas y sinsabores (hasta el extremo de que, en tres períodos distintos de su vida, tuvo que exiliarse en Argentina). Obra En su faceta de escritor, Manuel José Cortés se dio a conocer como ensayista e historiador a comienzos de los años cincuenta, cuando dio a la imprenta su excepcional trabajo titulado Bosquejo de los progresos de Hispano-América (Valparaíso [Chile]: Imprenta González, 1852). Casi diez años después, salió de los tórculos su segunda incursión en el género historiográfico, Ensayo sobre la historia de Bolivia (Sucre: Imprenta de Pedro España, 1861), obra con la que Cortés se consolidó, definitivamente, como el fundador de los estudios históricos dentro de las Letras bolivianas. En ambos textos, concebidos desde un riguroso planteamiento metodológico que hasta entonces era desconocido en la historiografía boliviana, Cortés expuso su peculiar interpretación del devenir histórico de los pueblos, que, según él, se fundamenta en la responsabilidad que contrae el individuo respecto a la historia de la que es protagonista. Así, puede afirmarse que el humanista boliviano creía en la existencia de una especie de "ética de la Historia", que viene dada por el mayor o menor compromiso de los ciudadanos con el devenir de sus pueblos. Esta novedosa aportación de Manuel José Cortés tanto en el nivel conceptual como en el tratamiento metodológico de los estudios históricos causó una grata impresión entre la crítica de su tiempo, que ya supo advertir la importancia de las innovaciones propuestas por el escritor boliviano. Así, v. gr., en 1861, recién aparecido el Ensayo sobre la historia de Bolivia, el ilustre polígrafo de Santa Cruz de la Sierra Gabriel René-Moreno publicó el siguiente dictamen en una revista chilena: "La literatura hispano-americana acaba de atesorar una valiosa y nueva joya en el muy interesante libro que, bajo el modesto título de Ensayo sobre la Historia de Bolivia, ha dado últimamente a la estampa en Sucre el distinguido escritor y eminente poeta boliviano D. Manuel José Cortés". Ya en pleno siglo XX, la crítica especializada ha señalado algunos graves defectos que lastran la obra historiográfica de Cortés, con su peligrosa propensión a "literaturizar" los episodios reflejados, su notoria tendenciosidad a la hora e enjuiciar hechos y personajes del pasado reciente, y su conformidad o falta de ambición al cubrir un período histórico demasiado breve. Pese a ello, los mismos estudiosos que enumeran estos deméritos reconocen también el acierto precursor de Cortés al recurrir por vez primera a los documentos testimoniales del pasado, en detrimento del arcaico y poco riguroso anacronismo que venía siendo seña de identidad en los historiadores anteriores; como atinadamente apunta el erudito Valentín Abecia en su Historiografía boliviana (1974), "se podría decir que nace con Cortés la historia que, dejando de lado el simple memorialismo, hace uso de la documentación. Ya no se trata de recuerdos o remembranzas, sino del deseo de dar fisonomía al pasado nacional, por más que el pasado que abarca sea reducido y aunque, como él mismo manifiesta, su obra fuera escrita con el auxilio de pocos documentos". Posteriormente, otro relevante historiador boliviano, Juan Siles Guevara, afirmó que el Ensayo sobre la historia de Bolivia ofrece "la primera visión integral de la historia boliviana"; y que, teniendo siempre en cuenta los tributos que paga a la ideología y la mentalidad de la época en que fue redactado -entre ellos, su concepción "positivista" de un devenir histórico presidido por el Providencialismo y el Progreso-, ocupa un lugar incuestionable entre "las cien obras capitales de la literatura boliviana". Manuel José Cortés también publicó en prosa, además de las dos obras mencionadas en parágrafos anteriores, un tratado sobre la materia que había aprendido durante su estancia en la Universidad y que, durante muchos años, ocupó la parte central de su actividad profesional: Introducción al derecho (Sucre: Imprenta de Pedro España, 1862). Asimismo, alcanzó en su época gran celebridad como poeta (como ya se ha podido comprobar a tenor de las palabras de René-Moreno reproducidas más arriba), hasta el extremo de que muchos filólogos y estudiosos de la Literatura hispanoamericana -como, por ejemplo, el crítico Enrique Finot- le consideran, siquiera en orden cronológico, el primer poeta del Romanticismo en Bolivia. Ciertamente, su producción en verso no goza, en nuestros días, de ningún reconocimiento otorgado a su calidad literaria. Es opinión general entre la crítica que Cortés escribió muchos y muy vulgares poemas, todos ellos anclados en los tópicos románticos más manidos, y carentes, por ello, de frescura y originalidad. Asimismo, se le imputa un defecto que, paradójicamente, el propio escritor de Cotagaita achacó a la mayor parte de los autores de su tiempo: el de haber prestado poca atención a su obra literaria, al haberse centrado más en cuestiones políticas y administrativas. No obstante, en su tiempo gustaron mucho sus versos a la crítica y a los lectores, lo que explica que algún poema suyo, como el famosísimo soneto "El justo" que a continuación se copia, figure en casi todas las antologías de la lírica boliviana, como ejemplo paradigmático de los gustos concretos de una época: Al borde del abismo, el roble erguido, del huracán resiste al recio embate, y su lozana copa no se abate ni aun al golpe del rayo que lo ha herido. Así, la condición que le ha cabido sufre el justo, en su vida de combate: exento de temor su pecho late, y el dolor no le arranca ni un gemido. El odio inmerecido no le espanta; de sus contrarios el ultraje olvida; el rencor en su pecho nunca impera. Del deber acatando la ley santa ve, imperturbable, el drama de la vida, y el desenlace en otra Vida espera". Cortés recogió este célebre soneto, junto al resto de sus composiciones poéticas, en un volumen que dio a la imprenta a mediados del siglo XIX, bajo el título genérico de Poesías (Valparaíso [Chile]: Imprenta González, 1856). Referencias J. R. Fernández de Cano - mcnbiografias.com/app-bio/do/show?key=cortes-manuel-jose

In a very real sense Miss Laura Elizabeth McCully is a Toronto writer, as, with the exception of one academic year in the United States and a few months in Ottawa, she has lived all her life in this city. She is a grand niece of the late Hon. John McCully, of Truro, Nova Scotia, one of the Fathers of Confederation; and is the daughter of Samuel Edward McCully, M.D., and Helen (Fitzgibbon) McCully. Her father is of Manx descent, and her mother is a descendant of the late James McBride of Halton county, Ontario, magistrate, who was one of the pioneers of this province, and who heroically cleared off forest and left to his heirs, one thousand acres of valuable farm lands. Miss McCully's poetry is enriched by classical illustrations, and expressed in forceful and melodious language. Her imagination relates us to the universe and to humanity. Wordsworth found new lessons in the fields and woods, and taught them; Lanier made trees, flowers and clouds our intimate friends; when we read Miss McCully's nature poems we are not conscious of the moralizing of the poet, we are in the glens ourselves looking at the afterglow, with the purity, the glory, the growth spirit and the transforming beauty of nature flowing into our lives. In a few flaming lines her stories reveal the love, the despair, and the ultimately triumphant faith of humanity. With tender pathos she unveils the evils of social and industrial conditions, and in clear tones arouses each soul, and makes it conscious of the splendour of the better conditions ahead, and thrills it with the determination to achieve for justice, freedom, and truth. – JAMES L. HUGHES, LL. D.

Edward William Thomson was born in Toronto township, county of Peel, Ontario, February 12th, 1849. His father was William Thomson, grandson of Archibald Thomson, the first settler in Scarboro. His grandfather Edward William Thomson, was present at the taking of Detroit, and served with distinction under Brock at Queenston Heights; and was afterwards well known in Upper Canada as Col. E. W. Thomson of the Legislative Council, and as the one successful opponent of William Lyon Mackenzie in an election for the Legislature. The mother of the present E. W. Thomson was Margaret Hamilton Foley, sister of the Hon. M. H. Foley, twice Postmaster-General of the united Canadas. The future poet was educated at the Brantford Grammar School, and at the Trinity College Grammar School at Weston; but when about fourteen years of age, he was sent to an uncle and aunt in Philadelphia and given a position in a wholesale mercantile house as 'office junior.' Finding this employment very uncongenial, he enlisted in the Union army, in October, 1864, as a trooper in the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry. This corps was engaged twice at Hatcher's Run, and was with Grant when he took Petersburgh. Discharged in August, 1865, he returned to the parental home at Chippewa, Ontario. In June, 1866, when the Fenians raided Upper Canada, young Thomson promptly enlisted in the Queen's Own, and was in action at the Ridgeway fight. The following year he entered the profession of Civil Engineering, and in 1872 was registered a Provincial Land Surveyor. He practised his profession until December, 1878, when at the invitation of the Hon. George Brown, he joined the staff of The Globe, Toronto, as an editorial writer. Four years later the Manitoba boom attracted him, and he practised surveying for two or three years in Winnipeg. In 1885, he rejoined The Globe staff, but retired again in 1891, because of his opposition to the Liberal policy of Unrestricted Reciprocity. Shortly afterwards he was invited to join the staff of the Youth's Companion. He accepted and remained for eleven years. Since 1903, he has lived in Ottawa, employed as a newspaper correspondent and engaged in literary work.The Many-Mansioned House and Other Poems was issued in 1909. His poems, like his short stories, are lucid, vital, original. References http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/garvin/poets/thomson.html